# Technical Debt

## What Is Technical Debt? <a href="#technicaldebt-whatistechnicaldebt" id="technicaldebt-whatistechnicaldebt"></a>

Technical debt arises when development team opts for quick solutions over effective ones, leading to future issues that require more time and budget to resolve. Technical debt accumulates over time if not addressed promptly, impacting productivity and increasing the cost of maintenance. Examples include poor code quality, outdated libraries, and lack of documentation.

## What Causes Technical Debt? <a href="#technicaldebt-whatcausestechnicaldebt" id="technicaldebt-whatcausestechnicaldebt"></a>

There are two kinds of technical debt: **intentional** and **unintentional**.

The first kind happens when developers deliberately postpone tasks to speed up the release. Unintentional technical debt arises over time as technology becomes outdated, or when development teams are unaware of delivering poor-quality code.

## Managing and reducing Technical debt <a href="#technicaldebt-managingandreducingtechnicaldebt" id="technicaldebt-managingandreducingtechnicaldebt"></a>

### Document Technical Debt <a href="#technicaldebt-documenttechnicaldebt" id="technicaldebt-documenttechnicaldebt"></a>

Technical debt needs to be tracked properly. Tools, such as Jira, can be used to help engineers effortlessly add context into the issues they generate. This helps ensure that Technical debt doesn't get forgotten or ignored over time.

### Write Clean Code <a href="#technicaldebt-writecleancode" id="technicaldebt-writecleancode"></a>

Write clean, maintainable code. This includes following coding standards, writing self-documenting code, and avoiding shortcuts that lead to technical debt.

### Automate Code Quality Checks <a href="#technicaldebt-automatecodequalitychecks" id="technicaldebt-automatecodequalitychecks"></a>

Integrate automated code analysis tools into the development process to catch technical debt early. Tools like static code analyzers can help identify potential issues before they become major problems.

### Refactor Continuously <a href="#technicaldebt-refactorcontinuously" id="technicaldebt-refactorcontinuously"></a>

Allocate dedicated time in each development cycle for refactoring and addressing technical debt. Whenever developers work on a piece of code, encourage them to refactor it if they come across areas that contribute to technical debt. This could be as simple as renaming variables for clarity or as complex as restructuring entire modules. Refactoring is a daily activity.

### Educate Team Members <a href="#technicaldebt-educateteammembers" id="technicaldebt-educateteammembers"></a>

Ensure that all team members understand the importance of managing technical debt and have the necessary skills to do so effectively. Provide training and resources as needed.

### Measure Progress <a href="#technicaldebt-measureprogress" id="technicaldebt-measureprogress"></a>

Keep track of the technical debt over time and measure progress in paying it off. Here are some metrics to consider:

<table data-card-size="large" data-view="cards"><thead><tr><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Code coverage</strong></td><td>The code coverage metric assesses the proportion or percentage of code that is tested by automated tests. It indicates how much of your code is being tested by your test suite.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Defect ratio (New Bugs vs. Closed Bugs)</strong></td><td>The Defect Ratio, also known as the Bug Ratio, is a metric used to measure the balance between the number of new bugs discovered and the number of bugs closed or resolved over a specific period. It provides insight into the efficiency of the development and bug fixing processes within a project or organization.</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Code Churn</strong></td><td>Code churn can be a measure of code stability as it refers to how often code changes over time. If the team needs to rewrite code often to accommodate a new feature, then the software system involves high maintenance and is thus high risk. </td><td></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Code Quality</strong></td><td>This is an aggregate of several metrics that quantify your code’s overall quality and complexity. These include cyclomatic complexity, class coupling, lines of code and depth of inheritance. Simpler code is easier to test and maintain.</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>


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